Create your own authority (i.e., become a CA).A self-signed certificate does not chain back to a trusted anchor. This is because browsers use a predefined list of trust anchors to validate server certificates. The site's security certificate is not trusted! This is probably not the site you are looking for! It's easy to become your own authority, and it will sidestep all the trust issues (who better to trust than yourself?). But I would encourage you to become your own authority. In the absence of becoming your own authority, you have to get the DNS names right to give the certificate the greatest chance of success. So the complete solution is to become your own authority. In fact, you can't with some browsers, like Android's browser. Some browsers don't exactly make it easy to import a self-signed server certificate. And browsers are actively moving against self-signed server certificates. Modern browsers (like the warez we're using in 2014/2015) want a certificate that chains back to a trust anchor, and they want DNS names to be presented in particular ways in the certificate. The restrictions arise in two key areas: (1) trust anchors, and (2) DNS names. The requirements used by browsers are documented at the CA/Browser Forums (see references below). It's difficult because the browsers have their own set of requirements, and they are more restrictive than the IETF. It can be tricky to create one that can be consumed by the largest selection of clients, like browsers and command line tools. It's easy to create a self-signed certificate. More information about MSYS_NO_PATHCONVĪm I missing something? Is this the correct way to build a self-signed certificate?.How to add multiple email addresses to an SSL certificate via the command line?.Provide subjectAltName to openssl directly on command line.However, this is almost never useful for a server installation, because you would either have to store the password on the server as well, or you'd have to enter it manually on each reboot. Theoretically you could leave out the -nodes parameter (which means "no DES encryption"), in which case example.key would be encrypted with a password. They are sufficiently strong while being supported by all modern browsers. In the future, you might want to use more than 4096 bits for the RSA key and a hash algorithm stronger than sha256, but as of 2023 these are sane values. Since the certificate is self-signed and needs to be accepted by users manually, it doesn't make sense to use a short expiration or weak cryptography. All necessary steps are executed by a single OpenSSL invocation: from private key generation up to the self-signed certificate. There are no config files you have to mess around with. ![]() There is no interactive input that annoys you. also valid for the IP address 10.0.0.1 (SAN),Īll information is provided at the command line.valid for the (sub)domains and (SAN),.keyout example.key -out example.crt -extensions san -config \Įcho subjectAltName=DNS:,DNS:) \Įither command creates a certificate that is addext "subjectAltName=DNS:,DNS:On old systems with OpenSSL ≤ 1.1.0, such as Debian ≤ 9 or CentOS ≤ 7, a longer version of this command needs to be used: openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \ keyout example.key -out example.crt -subj "/CN=" \ As of 2023 with OpenSSL ≥ 1.1.1, the following command serves all your needs, including Subject Alternate Name (SAN): openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
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